The Concept of Humanitarian Intervention in the Context of Constitutional and Legal Policy of the State

Current events in the world have exposed new threats to humanity i. e. nuclear terrorism, artificial grain famine, new forms of ecocide, and biocide. All this significantly changes the priorities of international politics and the constitutional as well as the legal policy of nation-states, where natural disasters and the global COVID-19 pandemic have faded into insignificance, and the issue of re-sovereignization is gaining relevance. The article provides a thorough analysis of the essence of the concept of humanitarian intervention. The discussion is based on the analysis of the consequences of humanitarian intervention on the fate of nation-states and their citizens. The article aims to substantiate the harmfulness of the concept of humanitarian intervention for the sovereignty of nation-states and natural human rights. It is noted that state sovereignty does not contradict the nature of human rights. On the contrary, humanitarian intervention allows certain aggressive political actors to violate the sovereignty of the nation-state and harm a person's constitutional and natural rights, first of all, to peaceful coexistence, life, health, and human dignity. It is argued that modern international law needs to be modernized, which should redefine the concepts of "genocide", "ecocide", "biocide", etc. The concept of humanitarian intervention should be openly recognized as not meeting the expectations of the modern international community.

Administrative and Legal Regulation of Distance and Blended Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The objective acceleration of scientific, technical and social progress, crisis economic, ecological, demographic, political and other phenomena that have arisen in the world inevitably affect the education system. The resonance is added by the pandemic of COVID-19 and the quarantine that modern society has faced, which in general have brought new experience, hitherto unknown challenges both to the professional activities of people and to the field of providing educational services. The article provides a thorough description of distance and blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and argues for the need to improve its regulation in Ukraine. Therefore, the aim of the article is to justify the development directions of distance and blended learning, to determine the principles of administrative and legal regulation of these forms of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of positive experience, attention is drawn to the expediency of implementing the effective foundations of online education, namely: actualization of the rationality and effectiveness of the educational process;formation of a specific format for the provision of educational services in order to make information available for assimilation;creation of high-quality visual materials, which will contribute to the visualization of information and the construction of a favorable productive memory;determining the advantages of one's own style of presenting the material, which is the key to strong interest of the educational audience;selection of an online platform and formation of online sites, convenient and accessible to all participants of the educational process.

Student-Centered Online Assessment in Foreign Language Classes

In 2020 educational institutions in many countries had to implement online learning due to quarantine restrictions caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The research aims to study the peculiarities of the distance learning technologies used by Ukrainian foreign language teachers for formative and summative assessment and their impact on students. At the end of 2020, a survey about online resources used for creating different types of tasks for foreign language classes in Ukraine was conducted by the authors of the study, and the main characteristics of the most popular online resources were analyzed. According to the survey, to create assessment tasks the majority of Ukrainian teachers use the following platforms: Kahoot, Google Forms, Quizlet, Classtime, Quizizz, Socrative, Quizalize, Gimkit, Blooket, Liveworksheets, and Wizerme. Some of these resources provide a strong element of competition that makes them perfect for formative assessment, while the others better suit summative assessment as they have a clear interface without distracting elements. When designing online tasks for the assessment, teachers should also take into consideration the possibilities online resources provide to reduce their students' anxiety and stress caused by performing test tasks. © 2023 Sciedu Press. All right reserved.

Supporting Family Capacity during the Economic Crisis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is to propose a practical model of supporting family capacity by social services during the financial crisis caused by the COVID-19. THEORETICAL BASE: The conceptual framework of the study includes the household capacity assessment and monitoring social work activity in the context of changes brought by the COVID-19 crisis. METHODS: The model describes the course of action taken by the social worker when interacting with the family and provides the tools used by the social protection services to help the family. The result is differentiation of social support forms according to the SWOT-analysis matrix. OUTCOMES: The matrix includes the system of critical indicators for evaluating the family capacity divided into four groups: strengths and opportunities and barriers and challenges. This model will allow one to identify and monitor family social and economic problems with subsequent improvement of family capacity in social and family entrepreneurship given that the family has a business. It will also help to evaluate the effectiveness of social services provided by the social protection system. SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: The results can be used for the development of social protection programs focusing on the introduction of permanent interaction mechanisms between social services and families, not only in crisis situations. © 2022, Czech Association of Educators in Social Work. All rights reserved.

Stress Prevention and Management during the Quarantine

The paper analyzes factors of quarantine measures influencing an individual during the COVID-19 epidemic. It mentions that during the quarantine, it should be considered that some individuals are especially vulnerable in crisis situations and they may need additional psychological assistance. The work presents a set of tools, recommended for specialists providing remote psychological assistance to prevent and overcome stress. Preventive and rehabilitation measures (counseling methods;the change in strategies and patterns of behavior;the involvement of rational psychodiagnostic and self-regulation techniques, etc.) are aimed at reducing the risks of stress and its impact on the individual during quarantine under threat of the COVID-19 epidemic. They should result in an increase in communicative openness, emotional stability, social courage, self-confidence, etc.

Coping Strategies for Overcoming Stress in Atypical Situations

The article analyzes the specifics of coping strategies for overcoming stress used by people who perceive the atypical situations of forced isolation, including the COVID-19 pandemic, in a different way. An empirical study conducted with the use of corresponding psychodiagnostic techniques (Extended Life orientation test;SACS) found that people who are optimistic about restrictions and atypical life situations are prone to use assertive actions and enter into social contacts. Whereas people who are pessimistic about the future have a less pronounced tendency to seek social support. The study confirmed that proactive coping in atypical life situations (including forced isolation) is associated with the relevant individual psychological characteristics, which are important for motivating social activities. Such personality expressions can contribute to the implementation of proactive coping and they are key factors in the pre-actional phase of goal-setting because proactive people focus not on the obstacles, but on solving problems. It is also suggested that proactive instructions can be a resource that enhances an individual's desire for a higher standard of living.

Psychological Risk Factors of the Neurotization of Adolescents under the Conditions of Quarantine Measures of the COVID-19 Epidemic

Y The work analyzes the individual psychological factors that determine the risks of the neurotization of adolescents under the conditions of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 epidemic in order to improve psychoprophylactic correctional programs. Applying the neuroticism questionnaire by A. Kokoshkarova and Multifactor questionnaire by R. Cattell, an empirical examination of 152 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17 showed that quarantine measures under pandemic conditions increase the risk of neurotic disorders of adolescents owing to a very similar constellation of changes in such individual psychological factors as forced isolation, emotional instability because of exhausting tension, anxiety and worry emerging from timidity. Hence, preventive and rehabilitative measures, aimed at reducing the risks of adolescents neurotization after the quarantine period in the face of an epidemiological threat should be focused primarily on increasing communication openness, emotional stability, social courage, self-confidence reducing anxiety and tension.